一、英语代词定义
代词是指代人或事物，常见可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语使用，分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词。
二、英语代词分类及相关用法
(一) 人称代词
1.人称代词概念
人称代词通常用来指代已知的人或事物，作主语、宾语、表语使用，有人称、人格和单复数区别，人称分为第一人称、第二人称、第三人称，人格主要有主格、宾格，单复数随人称单复数不同而变化。
2.人称代词分类及用法
(1)人称代词主格
①人称代词主格通常所在位置及用法
人称代词主格通常作为主语使用，位于谓语动词之前，当置于句首时，要注意首字母大写。谓语动词形式会跟随作为主语的人称代词单复数而变化，通常在一般现在时会表现明显，谓语动词复数形式通常指动词原形，单数形式指第三人称单数形式。现在完成时(have/has+done)的时态助动词have/has，第三人称单数人称代词作主语时用has，其他人称代词作主语时用have。Be动词使用方面，I(我)用 am/was，you(你/你们)、we(我们)、they(他们/她们/它们)用 are/were，she/he/it(他她它)用is/was。举例：
I have finished my homework but he has not finished his homework up to now.
②第一人称主格单数/复数
单数为I---我，复数为we---我们，对应的谓语动词用复数形式。注意Be动词，I 用 am/was，we 用 are/were。举例：
I am a student and I have many interesting books.
We like playing football outside and we are always happy if it's sunny.
③第二人称主格单数/复数
单数为you---你，复数为you---你们，对应的谓语动词用复数形式。注意Be动词，单数复数都用are/were。举例：
You are a math teacher and you often do many math exercises.
You are teachers and you have many students.
④第三人称主格单数/复数
单数为she---她、he---他、it---它，复数为they---她们/他们/它们，单数she/he/it对应的谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，复数they对应的谓语动词用复数形式。注意Be动词，单数she/he/it用is/was，复数they用are/were。举例：
They are Linda's teachers and they help her a lot with her study.
It is the movie which she likes best.
⑤人称代词主格的排序
一般情况下，单数排序为you→she/he→I，复数排序为we→you→they；特殊情况比如做错事或者需要出来承担责任时，单数排序变为I→she/he→you，复数不变。举例：
You, she and I are Linda's students.
We, you and they live in the same city.
Oh my God! The window has been broken. I, he and you need to apologize.
(2)人称代词宾格
①人称代词宾格通常所在位置及用法
人称代词宾格通常作为宾语或表语使用，位于谓语动词或者介词后面。单项选择、语法选择、语篇填词、短文填空、完成句子等题目经常考动宾、介宾用法。人称代词单独使用时，通常用宾格不用主格。
②第一人称宾格单数/复数
单数为me---我，复数为us---我们。举例：
It was me(主系表结构，宾格作表语). I brought us so many books.(宾格位于谓语动词之后，动宾考点)
③第二人称宾格单数/复数
单数为you---你，复数为you---你们。举例：
We are proud of you. (宾格位于介词之后，介宾考点)
④第三人称宾格单数/复数
单数为her/him/it---她/他/它，复数为them---她们/他们/它们。举例：
Linda's parents love her very much and she loves them too.(宾格位于动词之后，动宾考点)
(3)人称代词it用法
①形式主语it
常考句型：It+is/was/will be+形容词+for/of+sb.+to do sth，举例：
It is important for Linda to learn English well.(for sb. 情况：此时形容词主要用于修饰后边真正的主语to do sth.，表示做某事是怎么样的。it在这作形式主语。)
It is very kind of you to help me with my math.(of sb.情况：此时形容词主要用于形容人的性格/品质等，表示这个人是怎么样的。it在这作形式主语。)
②形式宾语it
常考句型：find/think/suppose/believe等+it+形容词+to do sth，举例：
Linda thinks it difficult to learn math well.(it在这作形式宾语，真正的宾语时to do sth.)
③指代作用it
前文提到的同一对象，注意为同类同物；或者指代天气、时间、距离等；或者指代身份不明的人。举例：
I bought a pen yesterday and I liked it very much.
It's 7:15 a.m. now.
It may be Linda over there but I'm not sure.
(二) 物主代词
1.物主代词概念
物主代词通常表示所属关系，翻译为“......的”，作定语、主语、宾语、表语使用，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，两者在形式上相同或类似，形容词性物主代词的作用更多是定语、类似形容词一样去修饰名词，名词性物主代词的作用更多是主语、宾语和表语、类似本身就是个名词一样。
2.物主代词分类及用法
(1)形容词性物主代词
①形容词性物主代词用法
形容词性物主代词常后接名词。注意在固定搭配或习惯搭配中，形容词性物主代词常用“one's”表示。同时也要注意形容词性物主代词和own连用时，表示“某某自己的......”，一般后接名词，但如果是名词前置类似“a +名词+of+形容词性物主代词+own ”，后边不接名词。在举例：
I will try my best to buy my own car.=I will try my best to buy a car of my own.(try one's best to do sth. 尽某人最大的努力做某事)
②第一人称形容词性物主代词单数/复数
单数为my---我的，复数为our---我们的。举例：
This is my book and that is our classroom.
③第二人称形容词性物主代词单数/复数
单数为your---你的，复数为your---你们的。举例：
This is your apple and these are your apples.
④第三人称形容词性物主代词单数/复数
单数为her/his/its---她的/他的/它的，复数为their---她们的/他们的/它们的。举例：
This is her cat and these are their cats.
(2)名词性物主代词
①名词性物主代词用法
名词性物主代词后不接名词，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，形式上与形容词性物主代词相比，除了his/its一样，mine特殊，其他在形容词性物主代词后加s。用法上需要注意名词双重所有格“a+名词+of+名词's=a+名词+of+名词性物主代词”的考点。举例：
My cat is white and the black cat is not mine.(“my cat 形容词性物主代词+名词”相当于“mine名词性物主代词”)
Kitty is a cat of Linda's.Kitty is a cat of hers.(名词性物主代词在名词双重所有格中的考点体现)
②第一人称名词性物主代词单数/复数
单数为mine---我的，复数为ours---我们的。举例：
This book is mine and that classroom is ours.
③第二人称名性物主代词单数/复数
单数为yours---你的，复数为yours---你们的。举例：
This apple is yours and these apples are yours.
④第三人称名词性物主代词单数/复数
单数为hers/his/its---她的/他的/它的，复数为theirs---她们的/他们的/它们的。举例：
The food in the kitchen is theirs. Hers is on the desk in the living room.
(三) 反身代词
1.反身代词概念
反身代词通常表示“某某自己”，作表语、宾语、同位语使用，在句子中通常位于谓语动词之后或介词之后，起到强调突出作用。注意在固定搭配或习惯搭配上，反身代词相当于“oneself”，变复数时要注意self变为selves。举例：
She bought herself a book.
We will have a trip to Beijing and will enjoy ourselves.
2.反身代词分类及用法
①第一人称名词性物主代词单数/复数
单数为myself---我自己，复数为ourselves---我们自己。举例：
Let me introduce myself to you all.
We are proud of ourselves.
②第二人称名性物主代词单数/复数
单数为yourself---你们自己，复数为yourselves---你们自己。举例：
Believe in yourself and you can make it.
I heard that you learned the math by yourselves and it was cool.
③第三人称名词性物主代词单数/复数
单数为herself/himself/itself---她自己/他自己/它自己，复数为themselves---她们自己/他们自己/它们自己。举例：
She herself is good at drawing.
They can take good care of themselves.
④反身代词常考搭配
enjoy oneself 玩得愉快
learn...by oneself=teach oneself 自学
help oneself to... 请自便(通常指请随意吃食物或喝饮料)
make oneself understood 让某某自己被理解
come to oneself 苏醒
behave oneself 表现好
hurt oneself 受伤
seat oneself 坐下
(四) 指示代词
1.指示代词概念
指示代词通常表示指代人或事物或修饰名词，作主语、宾语、表语、定语使用，在句子中通常位于谓语动词之后或名词之前或单独使用。常见有this/that/these/those/so等。注意this/that在打电话和接电话时的特殊用法。举例：
Tom thinks this book is interesting. I think so.
打电话时，问对方是谁：Who's that?
接电话时，向对方介绍时：This is Linda speaking.
2.常考指示代词及用法
①表示近指的指示代词this/these
单数为this--这/这个，复数为these---这/这些，通常指代离自己比较近的人或事物或前边提过的人或事物。举例：
This is my friend, Linda.
These apples are delicious.
②表示远指的指示代词that/those
单数为that---那/那个，复数为those---那/那些，通常指代离自己比较远的人或事物或前边提过的人或事物。注意that/those还会常用于比较级句型里用于替代前边提到的人或事物，避免重复。举例：
That is a bird over there.
The cars in the city are more than those in the country.
③指示代词so
a.表示对前边提到的看法或观点表示赞同或不赞同，类似I think so/I don't think so用法，注意如果是I hope so，否定要用I hope not。举例：
--The weather report says it is going to rain tomorrow.
--表示希望明天下雨：I hope so. (so指代明天下雨)
--表示不希望明天下雨：I hope not.(√) I don't hope so.(×)
b.表示对前边提到的事情加以确认或证实。举例：
--It's more difficult to earn money because of epidemic.
--So it is.(so+主语+谓语)
c.表示前边提到的情况适用于后边的人或事物。举例：
--Linda likes apples.
--So does Tom.(so+谓语+主语，如果不适用: neither/nor+主语+谓语)
(五) 相互代词
1.相互代词概念
相互代词通常翻译为“彼此/相互”，作宾语和定语使用，一般情况下，两者之间为each other，三者及三者以上为 one another，但部分实际情况的运用中，each other 和 one another 可以互换。在考试中，each other更常考。举例：
Linda and Lisa are good friends and they always help each other.
We are in the same class and often discuss the problems with one another.
(六) 疑问代词
1.疑问代词概念
疑问代词通常用来提问，作主语、宾语、表语、定语使用，常位于句首构成特殊疑问句，在宾语从句、定语从句的考查也比较多。常考的有what/which/who/whom/whatever/whichever/whoever等。举例：
Who will go with me?
Whatever you want to do, I will always say yes.
2.常考疑问代词及其用法
①疑问代词指代人时，作主语时可用who/whoever，作宾语时可用who/whoever/whom，注意who作宾语的情况比较少见，用whom作宾语的情况较多，前边有介词且作宾语时，用whom不用who。举例：
Who is the tallest in your family?
Linda was the girl with whom I were talking just now.
Whoever you are, it's necessary to obey the traffic rules.
②疑问代词指物时，常用what/which/whatever/whichever。
What does Linda look like?
Linda wonder what to do next.
Which season do you like best?
Whatever happens, I will be with you all the time.
Whichever you choose, it's always good.
(七) 不定代词
1.不定代词概念
不定代词主要是指没有指定具体的人或事物，分为普通不定代词和复合不定代词。
2.常考不定代词分类及用法
(1)普通不定代词
①常考1的不定代词
one/ones：指与前文提到的事物为同类但不是同一物，one为1个，ones为复数。举例：
Linda has a nice pen. I want to buy one.(one和前文pen为同一种笔但不是同一支笔。)
These pens write well. I have ones.
each/every ：each范围为≥2的每一个，可以后接of，every范围为≥3的每一个，后面不可接of。举例：
There are flowers in each side of the river.
Each of you are best one.
Each/Every student in the school is asked to finish homework on time.
②数量范围为2的常考不定代词
either/both/neither：either翻译为“两者中的任何一个”，常考“either...or...要么......要么......”→就近原则→作主语时，谓语动词的形式由离谓语动词最近的主语即or后的主语单复数决定。either或either+名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，句式为肯定句式；both翻译为“两者都......”，常考“both...and...某A和某B都......”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，句式为肯定式；neither翻译为“两者都不......”，常考“neither...nor...既不......也不......”→就近原则→作主语时，谓语动词的形式由离谓语动词最近的主语即nor后边的主语单复数决定。neither或neither+名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，句式为否定式。举例：
These two apples are good and either is okay for me to eat.
Either Linda or you need to bring back a book.
Both are white. Both Linda and Tom are clever.
Neither is good and I won't buy them.
Neither Linda nor her friend likes apples.
③数量范围为≥3的常考不定代词
all/none：all翻译为“三者及三者以上 都......”，后可接of连用，all作主语时，谓语动词可单可复，通常强调整体时用单，指人时用复，句式为肯定式。none翻译为“三者及三者以上都不......”，可指人也可指物，后可接of连用，none作主语时，谓语动词可单可复，句式为否定式，常考none和no one区别：none可人可物，作主语时，谓语动词可单可复，常用于回答how many/how much的提问，可与of连用；no one仅指人，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，常用于回答who的提问，不可与of连用。举例：
All goes well.
All are waiting for their teacher to have class.
None of us is/are boys.
用how many/how much提问：How many students are in the classroom now? 回答：None.
用who提问：Who can answer the question? 回答：No one.
few/a few/little/a little：few/a few修饰可数名词复数，few翻译为“几乎没有”，用于否定句，a few翻译为“有一些”，用于肯定句。little/a little修饰不可数名词，little翻译为“几乎没有”，用于否定句，a little翻译为“有一点”，用于肯定句。举例：
I have few apples and I need to buy a few.
There is little milk in the fridge and I need to buy a little.
many/much：many/much都翻译为“许多”，many用于修饰可数名词复数，much用于修饰不可数名词，有时候会顺带考much修饰比较级的情况，此时much不是代词而是副词。举例：
Linda eats many eggs and much bread. She is much fatter than before.
some/any：some翻译为“一些”，一般情况下用于肯定句，特殊情况表示建议或请求时的疑问句也会用some，表示希望得到肯定回复。any翻译为“一些”时，用于否定句或疑问句，any翻译为“任何一个或任何一些”时，可用于肯定句。some和any翻译为“一些”，都可以用于修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，any翻译为“任何一个”时，可加可数名词单数。
I have some interesting books.
Would you like to drink some milk?
Do you have any apples? I don't have any apples.
If you have any question, welcome to ask me for help.
other/others/the other/the others/another：other翻译为“其他的......”，后接可数名词复数，类似于形容词性物主代词的用法；others翻译为“其他的......或别人”，后不接名词，类似于名词性物主代词的用法，常考“some...others...一些......其他......”；
the other/the others 和other/others的用法类似，只是加了the，表示特指剩下的一个或其他全部，此时the other 常考“one...the other...一个......另一个......”→范围为两者，the other+可数名词单数，常考“some/two/one...the other...一些......剩下的全部......”→范围为三者及三者以上，此时the other+可数名词复数。
another强调“三者及三者以上的另一个”，后接可数名词单数，常考“one...another...一个......另一个......”、“another+数量+名词=数量+more+名词”→表示“再/又......”。
举例：
I have two cats. One is white and the other cat is black.
Some people think it's right and others don't think it's right.
Tom is always ready to help other people/others.
Linda took one of apples to eat and after some time she took another apple to eat.
Tom has 2 pens now but he needs another two pens.=Tom has 2 pens now but he needs two more pens.
(2)复合不定代词
①考查意思：someone/somebody---某人，anybody/anyone---任何人，nobody/no one---没有人，everybody/everyone---每个人/所有人，something---某事/一些事，anything---任何事/一些事，nothing---没有什么，everything---每件事/所有事
②考查谓语动词形式：复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词形式用单数。举例：
Everything is possible.=Nothing is impossible.
③考查句式：some-/any-类的复合不定代词对于句式的应用和上边some/any类似。举例：
Do you have anything to do? I don't have anything to do. I have something to do.
Would you like something to drink?
④考查修饰：形容词修饰复合不定代词时，形容词要位于复合不定代词之后。举例：
Linda has something important to do today.
Do you have anything else to ask?
