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飞机黑匣子是什么?为何叫黑匣子?黑匣子的全称及作用

昨天,“3·21”东航失事飞机的一个黑匣子已被找到,初步判定为驾驶舱话音记录器,现在救援人员以主要撞击点为中心,扩大搜索半径范围,组织开展拉网式搜寻,全力寻找第二个黑匣子。


为什么飞机失事后,需要找黑匣子?黑匣子到底是什么?


“黑匣子”是个俗称,全名叫“航空飞行记录器”,包含飞行数据记录仪(FDR)、驾驶舱语音记录器(CVR),是分析失事事故最客观最直接的记录器。


它不是黑色的,而是橙红色,有的还贴着醒目的反光条。


外形也不像匣子,倒像流线型集装箱,是一种密封容器。


飞行记录仪记录的信息可用于飞行事故分析,根据飞机坠毁前记录的数据和话音记录。


飞行记录仪经处理后送入一种飞行模拟器,可以重现事故的过程,形象地分析事故的原因。



为什么叫“黑匣子”?


早期的飞行记录仪只记录飞行数据,主要应用于军用飞机,且规格都是统一的黑色方盒(以阻挡无线电反射),因此“黑匣子”沿用了历史称呼。


接下来请跟随小编一起了解黑匣子的相关信息。


文章来源:印度时报(The Times of India

文章链接:

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/airplane-black-box-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-device/articleshow/77434032.cms


Airplane fatalities (死亡) are statistically rare. When they do happen, however, they are oftenfatal (致命的) and people want answers as to why their loved ones lost their lives, and that is where black boxes come into play.

从统计数据上看,飞机事故极少发生。然而,飞机事故一旦发生,往往是致命的。人们想知道他们至爱的人的死亡真相,而这就要用到黑匣子了。


statistically adv [学术词] 统计地(statistics + -al + -ly)

come into play 起作用;有影响


What is a black box?

什么是黑匣子?


A black box is an electronic recording device placed in an aircraft for to facilitate (使便利) the investigation of aviation (飞行) accidents and incidents.

黑匣子是放置在飞机上的电子记录装置,可帮助调查航空事故和事件。


Black boxes are actually known as flight recorders.

黑匣子实际上就是飞行记录器。


There are two different flight recorder devices: the flight data recorder (FDR) preserves the recent history of the flight through the recording of dozens of parameters (范围) collected several times per second; the cockpit (驾驶舱) voice recorder (CVR) preserves the recent history of the sounds in the cockpit, including the conversation of the pilots.

有两种不同的飞行记录器设备:飞行数据记录器(FDR)通过其每秒几次收集的几十个参数来记录飞行的最新历史数据;驾驶舱语音记录器(CVR)保存驾驶舱内最近的声音数据,包括飞行员之间的对话。


The two devices may be combined in a single unit. A black box is the size of a shoe box.

这两个设备可以组合成一套。一个黑匣子只有鞋盒大小。


What does a black box do?

黑匣子有什么作用?


The flight data recorder and cockpit voice recorder are compulsory on every commercial flight or corporate jet, and are usually kept in the tail of an aircraft, where they are more likely to survive a crash.

飞行数据记录器和驾驶舱语音记录器是每个商业飞机或公务机必须配备的,通常放置在飞机尾部,在这个位置它们更有可能在坠机事故中保存下来。


compulsory adj (因法律或规则而)必须做的,强制的,强迫的

survive a crash 在坠机事故中保存下来


FDRs record things like airspeed, altitude, vertical acceleration and fuel flow and has about 25 hours of recording storage.

FDR可以记录飞行速度、飞行高度、垂直加速度和燃油流量等信息,并且可以存储25小时长的记录。


airspeed n (飞机的)空速(air + speed)

altitude n 高度;海拔

vertical acceleration 垂直加速度

fuel flow 燃油流量

storage n 存储(store + -age)


Together, the FDR and CVR objectively document the aircraft’s flight history, which may assist in any later investigation.

FDR和CVR共同客观地记录了飞机的飞行历史,这对于以后的任何调查都可能有帮助。


objectively adv [学术词] 客观地(object + -ive + -ly)


The CVR records the conversation between the pilots as well as with the air traffic control tower. The sounds of switches and engine are also recorded by the device.

CVR记录了飞行员之间以及与空中交通控制塔台之间的对话。该设备也会记录开关和发动机的声音。


the air traffic control tower 机场管制塔台


塔台是一个机场里最高的建筑,顶层360度的玻璃房子就是它的标志。


在这个玻璃房子里,空中交通管制员们要密切关注机场范围内每一架飞机的状态,巧妙地管理着跑道资源,不间断地将满天的飞机安全接到地面,再把满地的飞机安全送到天上。


However, a cockpit video recorder can store only two hours of cockpit voice recording.

然而,一个驾驶舱语音记录器只能存储两个小时的驾驶舱语音记录。


The CVRs store the crew’s interactions with each other and air traffic control, but also background noise that can give vital clues to investigators in case of a crash.

CVR存储了机组人员之间的对话和空中交通管制塔台的互动,但也存储了背景噪音,若发生坠机,可以为调查人员提供重要线索。


interaction n [课标新增词] [学术词] 交流(interact + -ion)

air traffic control 空中交通管制(员)

give vital clues to 为……提供至关重要的线索


How is a black box traced?

如何追踪黑匣子?


trace v [学术词] 找到;发现;追踪


Equipped with an underwater locator beacon (ULB), if an aircraft crashes into water, the beacon sends out an ultrasonic pulse (超声波脉冲) that is detectable by sonar (声呐) andaudio (音频) equipment to depths to approximately 14,000 feet.

黑匣子上配备有水下定位信标(ULB),如果飞机坠入水中,信标会发出超声波脉冲,可被声纳和音频设备探测到,探测深度约为14,000英尺。


(be) equipped with sth 装有某物;配备有某物

underwater locator beacon (ULB) 水下定位信标

水下定位信标是民航客机黑匣子的重要部件之一。当飞机坠入水中时,信标开始发送人耳听不到的超声波脉冲,这种脉冲可以被声纳和声学定位仪探测到。在信标的一端有像公牛眼一样的水下传感器。当水接触到传感器,信标就会被激活而发出超声波脉冲。

detectable adj [学术词] 可检测到的;可发现的(detect + -able)

approximately adv [学术词] 大约;大概(approximate + -ly)


Incredibly, the beacon is powered by a battery that has a shelf life of six years; once the beacon begins pinging (发出信号), it pings once per second for 30 days until its battery runs out.

令人难以置信的是,该信标由电池供电,保质期为6年;一旦信标开始发射信号,每秒发射一次,可持续30天,直到电池耗尽。


incredibly adv [句子副词] 难以置信地(课标新增词incredible + -ly)(近 unbelievably)

shelf life 保存期

run out 用完;耗尽


The black box works in depths up to 6,000 metres of saltwater.

在深度达6,000米的海水中,黑匣子仍可继续工作。


saltwater n 海水;咸水;盐水(salt + water)


If a plane crash takes place on land and not on water, the locator beacons of the black box will not send out the ultrasonic pings, signalling the investigators to look for the unit around the crash site.

如果飞机失事地点为陆地而非海上,黑匣子的定位信标就不会发出超声波脉冲,这意味着调查人员需要在失事地点周围寻找该装置。


signal v [名词动化] 发信号;发暗号;示意


Black box is not black

黑匣子并不是黑色的


The term “black box” was a World War II British phrase, originating with the development of radio, radar (雷达), and electronic navigational aids in British and Allied combat aircraft (盟军战斗机). These often-secret electronic devices were literally encased in non-reflective black boxes or housings, hence the name “black box”.

“黑匣子”一词是二战时期英国的用语,起源于英国和盟军战斗机的无线电、雷达和电子导航辅助设备的发展。这些往往是秘密的电子设备实际上被包裹在不反光的黑盒子或外壳中,因此被称为“黑匣子”。


originate v 起源;发源

electronic navigational aids 电子助航设备

often-secret adj 通常是秘密的

literally adv [课标新增词] 按字面;字面上

encase v 把……装箱(或围住、包起) (en- + case箱子)

non-reflective adj 不反光的

hence adv [课标新增词] [学术词] 因此;由此(近 therefore)


These black boxes are of fluorescent (发荧光的) flame-orange in colour.

这些黑匣子的颜色是亮橙色。


flame-orange adj 橙红色的


The recorders are bright orange so to make them more visually conspicuous (明显的) in the debris (残骸) after an accident.

记录器是明亮的橙色,这样它们在事故发生后的残骸中会更显眼。


visually adv [学术词] 视觉地 (visual + -ly)


How robust (坚固的) are these units?

这些装置有多坚固?


These are highly resilient (有弹性的) pieces of kit, able to withstand extreme heat, jarring (撞击) crashes and tonnes of pressure.

黑匣子外壳坚实,具有抗高温火烧、抗强冲击、抗深海压力等特种防护能力。


withstand v 承受;抵住 (with + stand)

extreme heat 极端高温


Before being put into use, they are tested to see if they can withstand an impact with a concrete wall at 750 kilometers per hour (about 466 miles / hour), a static (静态的) load of 2.25 tons for at least five minutes, a maximum temperature of 1,100 degrees Celsius (摄氏度) (2,012 Fahrenheit 华氏度) for one hour and water pressure found in depths of up to 6,000 meters (about 19,700 feet).

在这些设备投入使用之前都要经过测试,看它们是否能承受每小时750公里(约466英里/小时)与混凝土墙的撞击,至少5分钟的2.25吨的静态负载,1小时1100摄氏度(2,012华氏度)的极高温度,以及水深达6000米(约19,700英尺)处的水压。


put sth into use 投入某物开始使用

impact n [课标新增词] [学术词] [熟词生义] 冲击力;撞击


Will black box be replaced?

黑匣子会被取代吗?


It’s looking increasingly likely that the little black box will be replaced by streaming all essential data directly to a ground-based station.

似乎小黑匣子被取代的几率越来越大,因为所有重要数据未来有可能直接传输至地面基站。


ground-based adj 陆基的;以地面为基础的


Air-to-ground systems can send flight data to a home base via satellite, which help to eliminate (消除) the desperate search for a box, and saving time that might lead to support being provided to a flight in trouble much sooner — possibly averting (避免) a crisis.

空对地系统可以通过卫星将飞行数据发送到总部基地,这有助于避免竭力搜寻黑匣子的情况,并节省时间,这样就能更快地为遇到麻烦的航班提供支持——或许会避免一场危机。


desperate adj 不顾一切的;(因绝望而)不惜冒险的


However, satellite and GPS capacity, data storage speeds and the length of battery life are all areas that are being developed by scientists to support new innovations that are faster and lighter.

然而,卫星和GPS的容量、数据存储速度和电池寿命都是科学家们正在开发的领域,以支持更快、更轻的新发明。


capacity n [课标新增词] [学术词] 容量

innovation n [课标新增词] [学术词] 创新 (innovate + -ion)


The challenge is the need to build the systems to manage the high volumes of data that are needed to make it possible to track all commercial flight activity, especially the use of satellites and data storage.

目前的挑战是,需要建立系统来管理大量数据,以便能够追踪所有商业飞行活动,特别是卫星的使用和数据存储。